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Passage 3

Small increases in temperature found to add power to storms in the Atlantic.

Hurricanes that form in the Atlantic Ocean are expected to gain considerable strength as the global temperature continues to rise, a new study has found.

Using modeling data focused on the conditions in which hurricanes form, a group of international researchers based at Beijing Normal University found that for every 1.8°F （1℃）rise of the Earth's temperature, the number of hurricanes in the Atlantic that are as strong or stronger than Hurricane Katrina will increase twofold to sevenfold.

Hurricane strength is directly related to the heat of the water where the storm forms. More water vapor in the air from evaporating ocean water adds fuel to hurricanes that build strength and head toward land.

Hurricane Katrina is widely considered the measure for a destructive storm, holding the maximum Category 5 designation for a full 24 hours in late August 2005. It lost strength as it passed over the Florida peninsula, but gained destructive power fight before colliding with New Orleans, killing more than 200 people and causing $ 80 billion in damage.

The study points to a gradual increase of Katrina-like events. The warming experience dover the 20th century doubled the number of such debilitating（将人类摧垮的）storms. But the ongoing warming of the planet into the 21st century could increase the frequency of the worst kinds of storms by 700 percent, threatening coastlines along the Atlantic Ocean with multiple Category 5 storms every year.

"Our results support the idea that changes in regional sea surface temperatures is the primary cause of hurricane variability," said Aslak Girnstead, a researcher with the Center for Ice and Climate at the University of Copenhagen. The large impact of small sea-surface temperature increases was more than Girustead and his colleagues had anticipated. The entire study was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Global temperatures have steadily increased, making the past decade the warmest on record. Earlier this year, climate researchers reported that the Earth's temperatures have risen faster in the last century than at any point since the last ice age, 11,300 years ago. The primary cause, a consensus of scientists has said, is the rising emissions of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane.

Past hurricanes have supported the study's finding that global temperature rise is linked to more destructive storms. According to the National Center for Atmospheric Research, while the frequency of storms doesn't appear to have increased, the percentage of strong ones has risen sharply over the past few decades. The trend may be similar further back in time, but comprehensive hurricane data doesn't exist.

1. According to the team of international researchers based at Beijing Normal University, the rise of the Earth's temperature is likely to cause _______.

A. the coming of ice age

C. more Katrina-like or worse hurricanes

B. less intense hurricanes

D. more greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

【答案】C。本题考查地球温度上升带来的变化。定位句提到“地球温度每上升l.8华氏度（1摄氏度），那么大西洋中强度可匹敌甚至胜过卡特里娜飓风的飓风数量会增加两倍乃至七倍”，故C“更多像卡·特里娜那样或是更糟糕的飓风”为答案。

2. The ocean water in the region where the storm forms _______.

A.is heating the hurricanes

B. evaporates and becomes fuel

C. heads toward land

D. turns into water vapor that makes hurricanes stronger

【答案】D。本题考查对飓风形成的区域中海水情况的理解。定位句提到“从海洋中蒸发到空气中的水分越多，那么飓风的威力就越强，然后会直扑陆地”，故D“蒸发成水蒸气，使得风暴威力增强”为答案。

3. Which of the following statement is TRUE about Hurricane Katrina?(    )

A. It did not lose its strength as it moved.

B. It claimed over 200 people's lives.

C. It caused 80 billion dollars loss for Florida peninsula.

D. It lasted for full 24 hours.

【答案】B。本题考查飓风卡特里娜的细节。定位句提到“卡特里娜飓风在抵达新奥尔良州之前 威力大增，其巨大的破坏力致使200余人丧生，并造成了800亿美元的经济损失”，故答案为B。

4. What result can regional sea surface temperature changes produce?(    )

A. Hurricane changes.

C. Global warming.

B. Increasing greenhouse gas emissions.

D. Destructive hurricanes.

【答案】A。本题考查局域海面温度的变化对飓风造成的影响。根据定位句，局域海面温度的变化是飓风变化的主要原因，故答案为A。

5. It can be inferred from the passage that _______.

A. there is no link between greenhouse gas emissions and destructive storms

B. reduction of greenhouse gas emissions may reduce destructive storms

C. the higher percentage of strong ones rose as more hurricanes appeared

D. past records on hurricanes included everything needed

【答案】B。由倒数第二段最后一句和最后一段的第一句可知，全球变暖是由温室气体大量排放引起的，而全球变暖和破坏性风暴频率变高之间存在联系，由此可推知，减少温室气体排放，或可缓解全球变暖的趋势，从而减少破坏性风暴的发生频率，故答案为B。